Glossary

Plain-English startup finance definitions.

A quick glossary of finance terms used across runway planning, fundraising, performance reporting, and fractional CFO support.

Core Terms

Definitions founders and finance leaders use most.

Runway

How long current cash lasts

The number of months until cash-out at your current burn, assuming no new funding.

Burn Rate

Monthly net cash outflow

The net cash your business consumes each month after revenue and operating costs.

ARR

Annual recurring revenue

Recurring subscription revenue normalized to a yearly figure.

MRR

Monthly recurring revenue

Recurring subscription revenue recognized on a monthly basis.

Gross Margin

Revenue minus direct service cost

The percentage of revenue left after delivery costs before overheads.

CAC

Customer acquisition cost

The average sales and marketing cost required to acquire one new customer.

LTV

Lifetime value of a customer

The expected total gross profit from a customer over the full relationship.

CAC Payback

Time to recover acquisition spend

How many months of gross profit are needed to recover customer acquisition cost.

FP&A

Financial planning and analysis

The planning process used for budgeting, forecasting, variance analysis, and decisions.

Data Room

Investor diligence repository

A structured set of documents used during fundraising due diligence.

Working Capital

Short-term operating liquidity

Current assets minus current liabilities, indicating near-term liquidity headroom.

Venture Debt

Debt alongside equity financing

Loan financing used by growth companies to extend runway with less dilution than pure equity.

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